Glossary

The following abbreviations have been used: adj. adjective; adv. adverb; cond. conditional; conj. conjunction; dem. demonstrative; f. feminine; fut. future; imperf. imperfect; indef. indefinite; indic. indicative; infin. infinitive; loc. locution; m. masculine; n. noun; p. hist. past historic; p.p. past participle; pers. person; pl. plural; prep. preposition; pres. present; pres. p. present participle; pron. pronoun; sing. singular; subj. subjunctive; v. verb. An asterisk here and in the List of Proper Names indicates that the word is discussed in the Notes, Section II. Verbs are classified according to the forms which occur in the text.

abat 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. abbatre, to strike down 312

abiles adj. able 285

accordance n.f. peace 436

acorde 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. acorder, to confirm, indicate 333

acquerre v. infin. to acquire, win 343

ades* adv. now, at present; nevertheless 87

adhers p. p. adherdre, to be attached, joined to 362

adjouste 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. adjouster, to add 251

addone 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. adonner, to bestow 351

afflus * adj. bountiful 179

ainVois que conj. before 99-100, 237

ains adv. rather, on the contrary 276, 327

ains que conj. before 234, 340

ainsi que adv. as if 37

aler, au long aler* loc. throughout history 203

amant pres. p. amer, to love 138

ame n.f. one single person, anyone; sans le gref d'ame to nobody's harm 131

amez p.p. amer to love 396

ammonestoit* 3 pers. sing. imperf. indic. ammonester, to exhort, guide, counsel 215

amonition n.f. counsel, command 226

aplanié p.p. aplanier, to make smooth, peaceful 453

appareille 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. s'appareiller á, to compare with 204

apparu 3 pers. sing. p. hist. apparoir, to appear, become manifest 259

appelle 3 pers. sing. pres. indie. appeler, to invoke 254

appert 3 pers. sing. pres. indie. apparoir, to be evident 92, 216, 266; adj. evident 214

apreuve 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. aprouver, to approve 92

aprime 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. aprismier, to approach 36. See Notes Section I

arrestoit 3 pers. sing. imperf. indic. arrester, to stand firm 212

arroy n.m. array 43

assavourer v. infin. to taste, experience 317

asseurez p.p. asseurer, to reassure 398

assovye p.p. assovir, to bring to completion 344

attendra * 3 pers. sing. fut. attendre, to wait; withstand, resist 419

aucuns pron. m. pl. some, some people 401, 485

aurés 2 pers. pl. fut. avoir 302

autrier n.m. the other day, a short time ago 309

avanture n.f. se mettre à l'avanture contre, expose oneself to 300

avenir v. infin. to come to pass, 73; n.m. used as adj. future 359

avenus p.p. avenir, to come to pass 156

aviengne 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. avenir, to happen, befall 366

avisement n.m. guidance 51

avises 2 pers. sing. pres. indic. s'aviser, to take stock, beware 438

avugle adj. blind 369

bel, par bel adv. with good grace 462

beneurée adj. blessed 161

benoist adj. blessed 170

bergiere n.f. shepherdess 198

bonement adv. happily 9

bonne adj. propitious 169

boute 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. se bouter, to enter 447

bouter v. infin. bouter hors, to cast, drive out 206

bugle adj. stupid 371

?a adv. here 373; ?a jus, here below 351

cas n.m. fall; flatir cas, overthrow, cast down 64

ce dem. pron. used as equivalent of modern French ceci, cela 280

celle* dem. pron. f. n'y ot celle, there was no-one [who was not] 222

cellui dem. adj. m. that 126; dem. pron. 130

cens n. m. pl. hundreds 284

ceste dem. pron. f. this woman 205, 216, 346; dem. adj. this 224, 373

ceulx dem. pron. those men 451

ceulz dem. pron. those men 349

char n.f. flesh 4 59

chasteaulx n. m. pl. castles, fortified towns 282

chastel n.m. castle, fortified town 395

chenin adj. (from chien) wretched, base 267

chevetaine n.f. captain. leader 286

chief n.m. chief, ruler 478; author 120; mettre chief v. infin. to complete 118

chiere n.f. face, expression 486

cil dem. pron. m. he, the person who 170, 341

cilz dem. pron. m. he 341

close p.p. clore, to enclose 2

com = comme 106 etc.

commise p.p. and adj. destined, ordained 240

compere 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. comperer, to pay 404

compte n.m. account; fait grant compte, 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. sets great store by 209

conclus p.p. conclure, to conclude, decide 328

conquerre v. infin. to conquer 341

conseil n.m. council 231

conseillié. p.p. and adj. conseillier, to advise 433

consomé p.p. consomer, to accomplish 125

conte n.m. story, scripture 211

contralie 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. contralier, to oppose 403

contrariance n.f. opposition 437; adversity 148

contredire v. infin. to oppose, bar 410

contrediz n.m.pl. opponents 381, 414

convoieé p.p.convoier, to accompany 227

cornes n.f.pl. horns 305

courage n. m. heart, mind 473

courir sus, sur v. infin. to attack 68, 411; passive sense in 68 'being attacked'

creussent 3 pers. pl. imperf. subj. croire, to believe 272

croy pers. sing. pres. indic. croire, to believe 424

cuidant pres. p. cuidier, to think, believe 410

cuident 3 pers. pl. pres. indic. cuidier, to think, believe 402

cuides 2 pers. sing. pres. indic. cuidier, to think, believe 427

cuidiks 2 pers. pl. imperf. indic. cuidier, to think, believe 313

cuidoit 3 pers. sing. imperf. indic. cuidier, to think, believe 105

debonnaire adj. good-natured, magnanimous 465

deboute 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. debouter, to reject 445

deceiiz p.p. and n. the disappointed, disillusioned 63

defende 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. defendre, to prevent 428

deffault n. m. fault 404

deget p.p. and adj. rejected 33

deprie 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. deprier, to invoke 254

derrain n.m. last, end 403

descombrant pres. p. descombrer, to clear out, expel 281

desert adj. ravaged, ruined 268; n.m. destruction 271 mis à desert, destroyed, exterminated

deservie p.p. deservir, to deserve 446

desliée p.p. deslier, to untie 164

desplace 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. desplaire, to displease 55

desplaist 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. desplaire, to displease 444

desur prep. above, in preference to 345

detrie 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. detrier, falter, go astray 256

deu n.m. due 144

deult 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. (se) doloir, to grieve 460

deust 3 pers. sing. imperf. subj. devoir, to have to, ought to 314

devant adv. before (of time) 272

devise 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. deviser, to speak about, discuss 331

dit n. m. word 255

ditik n.m. poem 481, Explicit

doint 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. donner, to give 52, 131

donnk p.p. composed 481

doubt 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. (se) doubter, to fear 421

doubtance n.f. doubt 387

doubtans pres. p. doubter, to fear; fearful 400

doubter v. infin. to fear 147

douer v. infin. to bestow upon, endow with 168

droit n.m. the right 61; adj. clear, straight 20, de droit oil with a clear eye, clearly 20; adv. exactly 390

droiture n.f. right, justice 303

droiturier adj. upright 138

dueil 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. (se) doloir, to grieve over 23

dure 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. durer, to last, hold out 279; adj. resolute 277

effaciez p.p. effacier, to efface, erase 476 effusion n.f. shedding (of blood) 463 el pers. pron. she 246, 377

election* n.f. choice; sur toute election, in preference to everything else 295

emblée n.f. surprise; par emblée, furtively, by stealth 411

embrunche adj. f. bowed, lowered, downcast 487

enclose* p.p. and adj. enclosed 7

encoures adv. yet 132; still 418

Englecherie * n.f. pejorative, the English race 354

ennemis n.m. sing. enemy 429

ennuiz n.m. troubles, difficulties 36

ens adv. inside 425, 428

ensercher v.infin. to find out, establish 236

ensuit pers. sing. pres. indic. ensuivre, to follow 468

entens 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. entendre, to expect, believe 484; to understand, refer to, mean 441

envahis p.p. envahir, to attack 399

envoyez p.p. envoyer, to send, dispatch 415

erre n.m. or f. journey 340

errerent * 3 pers. pl. p. hist. errer, to err 96

ert 3 pers. sing. imperf. indic. estre, 78, 258 (see also yert)

es contracted form en + les, in the 247

esbahir v. infin. s'esbahir, to be dismayed 65

esbais p.p. s'esbahir, to be dismayed 397

eschiquier n.m. chess-board 308; matez estes en l'eschiquier, you have been checkmated 308

escremie n.f. attack 421

escripz n.m. writings 244

esleu p.p. eslire, to elect 142

eslite adj. elect, chosen, blessed 184

espandre v. infin. to shed 460

esperit n.m. mind, mind's eye 243; la virent en esperit, foresaw her coming 242-3

espronne p.p. and adj. wearing spurs 40

esprouvée p.p. esprouver, to put to the test 230

esprouvez p.p. and adj. tried, trusty 289

essart n.m. clearing; fera essart, will destroy 337

essillié p.p. essillier, to lay waste 435

estat n.m. state, condition; house 94

estendre v. infin. to bestow 88

estroit adv. tightly 165

execution n.f. the carrying out (of a task) 290

eussent 3 pers. pl. imperf. subj. avoir 270

face* 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. faire 252; 136*

faces 2 pers. sing. pres. subj. faire 144

faciez 2 pers. pl. pres. subj. faire 474

faillance n.f. failure; sans faillance, without fail 294

fais n.m. pl. deeds 147

fait* n.m. achievement, deed 127, 140, 229, 248, 252, 352; situation 424*

faiz n.m. deeds 120, 178, 347; p.p. faire 71

fault 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. falloir, to be necessary 405, 412

feste n.f. celebration; faisons feste à, let us greet, welcome 41

feust 3 pers. sing. imperf. subj. estre 106, 439

fine adj. noble 39; 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. finer, to finish, end

finer v. infin. to finish, end 342

flati p.p. flatir, cast down; flatir à cas, to cast down, overthrow 64

fors prep. outside, beyond 274; fors nature supernatural 274

fort* adj. strong 277; 39*

fort adv. greatly, extremely 220; au fort in the end 461

fouÿ 3 pers. sing. p.hist. s'en fuir, to flee 6

fu 3 pers. sing. p. hist. estre 283

fust 3 pers. sing. imperf. subj. estre 237

gaingne 3 pers sing. pres. indic. gaignier, to win 304

gard 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. garder, to preserve 339

gardast 3 pers. sing. imperf. subj. garder, to prevent 431

gent n.f. people 191, 369

gisent 3 pers. pl. pres. indic. gesir, to lie 320

grant* adj. great 88 etc.; 39*

gref n.m. harm; sans le gref d'ame, to nobody's harm 131

greigneur adj. comparative form of grand; supreme 478

grever v. infin. to harm 324

groingne 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. groignier, to grumble 425

guerdon n.m. reward, recompense 176

habonde 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. habonder, to abound 59

hait n.m. wish, desire, joy, aspiration 355

hays p.p. hair, to hate 396

herites* n.m. heretics 332

honnisse 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. honnir to shame, sully 140

huer* v. infin. to shout 48

icellui dem. adj. m. that 98 incision n.f.

incision, wound 459

infortune n.f. bad luck, misfortune 66

irés 2 pers. pl. fut. aller 316

ja adv. already 313

jus adv. down ruer jus, to cast down 78, 191, 195, 360; ça jus, here below 351

laboureurn .m. agricultural worker 210

laidit 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. laidir, to dishonour, treat with dis-respect 336

largesse n.f. abundance 174

lassez p.p. and adj. wearied, tired 181

lever* v. infin. to get up 325

lieva 3 pers. sing. p.hist. se lever, to rise up 37

lix n.m. lilies 96; 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. lire, to read 94

los n.m. praise 302

louezp.p. louer, to praise 293

mains adj. many 36, 223, 280, 389; mains yeulx voiant, in full view of everyone 280; pou plus ou pou mains adv. approximately 391; le mains n. the least 353

maint indef. pron. many, many a one 70, 196, 442, 448; adj. many a 127; 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. manoir to dwell, 72

mainte adj. f. many a 58

mais que conj. provided that 140, 144

manié p.p. manier, to handle, treat 455

maniere n.f. nature 248

matez p.p. mater, to mate (chess) 308

mecte 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. mettre, to put 473

menant pres.p. of mener; menant joie, rejoicing 46

menez 307, see sornes

menne 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. mener, to guide, lead 288

menra 3 pers. sing. fut. mener, to lead 339

menu adj. small 44

menus adj. small 157

mercy n.f. mercy, forgiveness 440

merveillable adj. astonishing, extraordinary 58

mescreants* n.m. unbelievers 331

mesgnigtel n.f. company, household 315

mie, ne. .. mie negative, not 418

mil n.m. one thousand 17, 482

miles n.m. thousands 284

mire n.m. doctor 412

mission* n.f. mission 79

monstre 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. monstrer, to demonstrate 250

monstrent 3 pers. pl. pres. indic. monstrer, to demonstrate 347

monstriez 2 pers. pl. imperf. indic. monstrer, to demonstrate 310

mors* adj. dead 263, 320, 374; ne que mors chiens no more than would dead dogs 263*

moult adv. much 444

muire 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. mourir, to die 340

muée p.p. muer, to change 80

ne negative conj. and, nor 212, 279, 375

neant n.m. nothing; pour neant in vain 405

norriture n.f. upbringing, education 276

notoire adj. well-known 82, 237

nulpron. nobody, not one 66, 279, 430

nulluy pron. anybody 472

nuit p.p. nuire to harm 70. See Notes Section I

occis n.m. the dead 325

occision m.f. killing, bloodshed 457

oit 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. oir, to hear 323

onc. adv. ever; onc + ne, never 175, 199, 214-5, 260-1

oncques adv. ever; oneques + ne, never 95-6, 201-2, 379-80

or adv. now 13, 36 etc

orde adj. f. dirty, base, vile 332

ordonnge p.p. ordonner, to ordain 116, 171

ordonner v.infin. to dispose 468

ore adv. now 8

orent 3 pers. pl. p. hist. avoir 22

ores adv. now 24

orra 3 pers. sing. fut. oir, to hear 471

os 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. oser, to dare 304

ose I pers. sing. pres. indic. oser, to dare 5

ot 3 pers. sing. p. hist. avoir 287, 381; n'y ot celle, there was no-one [who was not] 222

ou contracted form, a + le, 390; en + le, 302, 311; prep. (=od), with 389

oultrance* n.f. excess 136

oultre prep. beyond; oultre nature, supernatural 192

oultrecuidance n.f. presumption 432

ouvre p.p. ouvrer, to work, act 112

ouy 3 pers. sing. p. hist. oir, to hear 384

oy 1 pers. sing. p. hist. oir, to hear 415

oyez 2 pers. pl. imperative oir, to hear 57

oysmes I pers. pl. p. hist. oir, to hear 202

parfait p.p. parfaire, to bring to completion 350

part n.f. share 16

paru 3 pers. sing. p. hist. paroir, to appear, to be made clear 257

passeras 2 pers. sing. fut. passer, to surpass 139

passez adj. past 178, 345; les preux passez, brave men of times past 345

penon n.m. pennon, standard 103

perilleux adj. dangerous, fierce 310

pesans adj. heavy 275

pest 3 pers. sing. imperf. subj. povoir, to be able 84

pevent 3 pers. pl. pres. indic. povoir, to be able 319

plain adv. in great numbers 381; adv. h plain, fully, entirely 383

plusers indef. pron. several 221

pou adv. little; pou plus ou pou mains, approximately 391; adj. and n. few 399

pourpris p.p. pourprendre, to undertake, accomplish 223

pourteroit 3 pers. sing. cond. porter, to bear 246

premisse* n.f. first proof, manifestation 143

prens 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. prendre (h), to begin 8, 10

prensist 3 pers. sing. imperf. subj. (en) prendre, to befall, happen 100

preuses* adj. brave 222*; 39*

preux* adj. brave 199, 285; n.m. brave men 203, 345; 39*

pri 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. prier, to pray 51

prie I pers. sing. pre s. indic. prier, to pray 130

prime* n.f. prime (canonical hour) 37; ore h prime, for the first time, only now 8

prins p.p. prendre to capture 264

pris n.m. renown, worth 218; p.p. prendre, to capture 220

prophecies, propheciez n.f. prophecies 245, 124

propice adj. well-disposed, benign 141

provision n.f. relief, help 228

pry I pers. sing. pres. indic. prier, to pray 473

pueple n.m. people 141, 182, 220, 267;

puis prep. for, since 21; puis . . . que conj. since the time when 3-4; [puis quel, because 109

quant (des) prep. as (for) 357

que conj. for 105

qui rel. pron. whoever 371, 403; if anyone 461

qui que rel. pron. whoever 55, 109, 357, 425

quoy, (par) quoy adv. phrase therefore, consequently 251; interrogative pron. (se la chose n'yert ) evident quoy et comment crystal- clear in every way 83

quoy que* conj. although 409; indef. rel. pron. whatever 252;

rabaissez 2 pers. pl. imperative rabaisser, to lower 305

raisonne 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. raisonner, to talk about 349

réa 3 pers. sing. p. hist. reer, to infuse, pour into 172

regne n.m. kingdom 268

regnie p.p. regnier, to disown, reject 450

relevke p.p. relever, to raise up 150

relever* v. infin. to get up again 322

relieve 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. relever, to raise up 72

remaint* 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. remaindre, to remain, hold out 396

rendre 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. rendre, to give, return 422

rendre v. infin. rendre, to surrender 405, 461

repassez p.p. repasser, to deliver 183

reprins p.p. reprendre, to reproach 472

reprint 3 pers. sing. p. hist. reprendre, to begin to 18

reprouver v. infin. to condemn 327

repune* 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. repugnier, repuner, to oppose, resist 71

requerantpres. p. requerir, to request 454

requerir v. infin. to request 440

resjoiz p.p. and adj. rejoicing, overjoyed 43

respons I pers. sing. pres. indic. j(en) espondre , to guarantee 443

restora 3 pers. sing. p. hist. restorer, to restore, deliver 219

retourné p.p. retourner, to change round, reverse; si est bien le vers retourne the situation is completely changed 25

reusses 2 pers. sing. imperf. subj. ravoir, to have again, regain 108

revers n.m. opposite 364

rien n.f. thing, creature 31

rouppieux adj. base, vile 361

rue, ruee p.p. of ruer jus, to cast down 195, 3 60, 78

ruer jus v. infin. to cast down 191

sacre n.m. anointing 377

sacre p.p. sacrer, to anoint 384

sauf et sains adv. safely and soundly 388

scay I pers. sing. pres. indic. scavior, to know 417

se conj. if 5, 59 etc.

sec* adj. dry, barren (season) 32

secourable adj. helpful, willing to help 60

sejour n.m. stay; fu a sejour, resided 392

sensible adj. intelligent 111

seres 2 pers. pl. fut. estre 472

serfs n.m. serfs, slaves 365

sermonner, v. infin. to speak, hold forth 471

si and, and yet 305, 353 etc; si com as 143, 260; si que just as 422; si que so that 479

solempnee adj. solemn 117

some p.p. somer, to call, appoint 127

somme n.f. quantity 194; toute somme, in short after all 197

sornes n.f. jokes; ne menez voz sornes, do not attempt any foolish, rash enterprise 307

soubz prep. under 103, 478

soubzmis p.p. soubzmettre, to subjugate 103

souffers p.p. souffrir, to tolerate 367

souffisance (a) adv. sufficiently 146

souffise 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. souffire, to suffice 375

souffrir v. infin. to tolerate, put up with 327

souffrant pres. p. souffrir, to suffer, endure 35

souloie 1 pers. sing. imperfect indic. souloir, to be wont to 11

sours p.p. sourdre, to rise up 269

souviengne 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. souvenir, to remember 368

soyes 2 pers. sing. pres. subj. estre 153

sue p.p. suer; il en est sue, it is all up with them (?) 358

suppliance n.f. supplication 439

surnomme p.p. surnommer, to name, designate as 124

sus, courir sus to attack 68; passive sense 'being attacked' 68

tabouree v. infin. to beat a drum 316

tart (a) late i.e. not at all, never 456

tel* adj. 113 etc; 39*

telement* adv. 262; 39*

tendra 3 pers. sing. fut se tendre, to hold out, resist 417

tendre adj. young 86

tendront 3 pers. pl. fut. se tenir, to consider oneself 485

tenir v. infin. (me)tenir, to confine (myself) 12

tenu p.p. tenir, to hold back 45

tenuz p.p.and adj. obliged, under an obligation to 154

tiens 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. tenir, to maintain, hold 260

tire, de tire adv. directly 6; tire a tire adv. phrase one by one 413

tira 3 pers. sing. p. hist. tirer, lead out of, deliver 181

tiree* p.p. (se) tirer de, to move from 32

tors n.m. wrongs, evil deeds 71

tramise p.p. trametre, to send 238, 373

tresgrande* adj. 39

trespasse 1 pers. sing. pres. subj. trespasser, to leave out, omit 52

[tres]tous adj. all 139

treuve 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. trouver, to find 93

trop adv. of intensity, much 439

une adj. f. constant 69

univers adj. universal, whole 57

vaillance n.f. courage 296

valable adj. valuable, of profit 63

vault 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. valoir, to be of account, to be worth 402

vea 3 pers. sing. p. hist. veer, to refuse 175

veez 2 pers. pl. imperative voir, to see 192

veille 3 pers. sing. pres. indic. veiller (à), strive to 205

vendrez 2 pers. pl. fut. venir, to come 456

vers* prep. towards 37*; n.m. situation 25

vesqu p.p. vivre, to live 22

veult 3 pcrs. sing. pres. indic. voloir, to wish 323, 326, 461

veulx 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. voloir, to wish 24

vises 2 pers. sing. pres. indic. viser, to think, reflect; mal y vises you are quite miscalculating 440

voir adj. true 401 voire adj. true 87

voirement adv. truly 81

voix n.f. voice; par voix commune, unanimously 68

voiz n.f. voices 323; 2 pers. sing. imperative voir, to see 101

vueil 1 pers. sing. pres. indic. voloir, to wish 49

vueillent 3 pers. pl. pres. subj. voloir, to wish 406

vueillez 2 pers. pl. imperative voloir, to wish 469

yert 3 pers. sing. imperf. indic. estre 82 (see also ert)

yvernage* adj. wintry 10

We gratefully acknowledge Professors Kennedy and Varty as well as Medium Aevum Monographs, who printed this work in monograph form in 1977. To order hard copies, send £7 ($13) to Dr. D.G. Pattison, Treasurer SSMLL, Magdalen College, Oxford OX1 4AU, U.K.

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